Introduction

Project funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO).

2020-12-15 --- 2023-03-15

Project # B2/202/P2/IIHA

Since 2021, this project is managed at the NICC by the Recidivism and Criminal Careers Unit (CReCC).

Description

The National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology has access to a wealth of historical data from two criminal justice databases: the Central Criminal Record (over the 1995-2020 period) and the SIDIS-Greffe penitentiary database (over the 1974-2014 period) (hereafter: 'the Criminal Justice Databases'). Unfortunately, the optimal exploitation and valorisation of this data is made difficult due to lack of documentation on, and standardization of, the records.

The project aims to adress societal questions by analysing these historical data. To achieve this, a computer platform will be developed to make this data available for research. Thanks to this platform the potential for a recidivism monitor will be studied, including (year-based) cohorts of recidivism and an exploration of the possibility to systematically map criminal careers.

The research has four main objectives.

1. Documenting the Criminal Justice Databases

Expanding on a past project (De Blander et al., 2019), this project will thoroughly document the functions, content, structure, limitations, and potential of the Criminal Justice Databases. An important aspect of this research will be to study the possibility of establishing reliable links between these two databases.

2. Developing an integrated historical database

An integrated database will be developed to store a standardized version of historical records obtained from the Criminal Justice Databases. The goal of this integrated database is to make the datasets that are stored as separate files available within a common system that will allow easy access for statistics production and research.

3. Analyses of recidivism and criminal careers

Based on the data made available through the integrated historical database, two main analyses will be conducted. A first analysis will concern trajectories and recidivism on year-based cohorts based on conviction data and detention data. Furthermore, criminal careers based on specific selection criteria will also be analysed, with the advantage of being able to select deceased offenders whose criminal careers has been terminated. These results will provide an immediate benefit for policy-makers and scientists.

4. Studying the feasibility of a recidivism module

Informed by the results from the previous steps and previous research (particularly Robert & Maes, 2012, Mine et al., 2015; Maes & Mine, 2016), the feasibility of developing a computer-based module aimed at uncovering and monitoring recidivism will be studied. The feasibility study will include collaborations with software developers as well as with the staff currently managing the two databases.

Methods

1) Qualitative methods: literature study, document analysis related to the construction of the Criminal Justice Databases;

2) Computer development (programming) for an integrated historical database;

3) Quantitative methods: statistical analysis of recidivism and criminal careers (descriptive analyses; survival analyses; Group-based trajectory modelling);

4) Analysis of the requirements for an implementation of a module on recidivism (IT, database management).

Deliverables

1) Documentation on two Criminal Justice Databases;

2) An integrated historical database that will be used after the project is finished;

3) Recidivism statistics for several year-based cohorts;

4) Criminal career information about offenders that are no longer active (deceased);

5) A feasibility study for a recidivism monitoring module.

More information

• English : https://www.belspo.be/belspo/brain2-be/projects/IIHA_E.pdf
• French : https://www.belspo.be/belspo/brain2-be/projects/IIHA_F.pdf
• Dutch : https://www.belspo.be/belspo/brain2-be/projects/IIHA_N.pdf

Publications

Nothing yet.

Events

3. Study day « Recidivism and criminal careers: the digital heritage of criminal justice at the service of justice professionals »

Date: 14 novembre 2023

Organization: NICC-INCC + Belgian Judicial Training Institute

Program: IIHA_2023.pdf

Journée d’étude « Récidive et carrières criminelles : le patrimoine numérique de la justice pénale au service des acteurs de la justice »

INCC & Institut de formation judiciaire (IFJ)

La Direction Opérationnelle Criminologie de l’INCC et l’Institut de Formation Judiciaire s’associent pour proposer le 14 novembre 2023 une journée d’étude intitulée « Récidive et carrières criminelles : le patrimoine numérique de la justice pénale au service des acteurs de la justice ». Orientée vers la production et la diffusion de connaissances sur la récidive et les carrières criminelles, la journée d’étude sera consacrée à la présentation et la discussion des résultats scientifiques issus du projet de recherche « It is happening again » (IIHA), financé par BELSPO dans la cadre du programme BRAIN-be. La matinée sera axée sur la préservation du patrimoine numérique de la justice et abordera les enjeux et défis liés au travail de documentation, d’archivage ainsi que d’intégration des bases de données du casier judiciaire central (CJCS) et des établissements pénitentiaires (SIDIS-Greffe) à des fins d’exploitation scientifique, statistique et historique. L’après-midi illustrera l’intérêt et l’utilité de ce travail préliminaire à travers la présentation et la discussion de résultats d’analyses menées sur ces bases de données à propos de thématiques telles que le terrorisme, les homicide, les infractions de mœurs, etc. Il sera aussi question du développement d’un outil de suivi de la récidive. Le programme et les informations pratiques seront communiqués prochainement.

Studiedag « Recidive en criminele carrière: het digitale erfgoed van het strafrecht ten dienste van justitie actoren »

NICC & Instituut voor gerechtelijke opleiding (IGO)

De Operationele Directie Criminologie van het NICC en het Instituut voor Gerechtelijke Opleiding organiseren op 14 november 2023 de studiedag "Recidive en criminele carrières: het digitale erfgoed van het strafrecht ten dienste van justitie actoren". Tijdens de studiedag zullen de wetenschappelijke onderzoeksresultaten van het onderzoeksproject 'It is happening again' (IIHA), gefinancierd door BELSPO in het kader van het BRAIN-be programma, voorgesteld en besproken worden. In de voormiddag ligt de focus op de bewaring van het digitale erfgoed van justitie en komen de problemen en uitdagingen aan bod die gepaard gaan met het documenteren, archiveren en integreren van de databanken van het Centraal Strafregister (CJCS) en van de gevangenissen (SIDIS-Greffe) voor wetenschappelijke, statistische en historische doeleinden. In de middag zullen het belang en het nut van dit voorbereidende werk worden geïllustreerd aan de hand van de resultaten van analyses die op deze databases zijn uitgevoerd over thema's als terrorisme, moord, zedenmisdrijven,… Ook de ontwikkeling van een instrument voor het monitoren van recidive wordt besproken. Het programma en praktische informatie volgen binnenkort.

2. Second Follow-up committee meeting

Type: Webinar

Date: 20 October 2022

Organization: NICC-INCC

1. IIHA project kickoff meeting

Type: Webinar

Date: 7 September 2021

Organization: NICC-INCC

Talks

9. Recidivism monitor

Huynen, P. (2023). Moniteur de la récidive |Recidivemonitor. Talk given on 14 November 2023 at the Study day « Recidivism and criminal careers: the digital heritage of criminal justice at the service of justice professionals », in Brussels, Belgium. Organization: NICC-INCC & Belgian Judicial Training Institute.

8. Results of analysis on recidivism and criminal careers

Robert, L. & Vande Velde, M. (2023). Résultats d’analyses sur la récidive et les carrières criminelles | Resultaten van analyses van recidive en criminele carrières. Talk given on 14 November 2023 at the Study day « Recidivism and criminal careers: the digital heritage of criminal justice at the service of justice professionals », in Brussels, Belgium. Organization: NICC-INCC & Belgian Judicial Training Institute.

7. Development and exploitation of a graph-based integrated historical database

Jeuniaux, P. (2023). Développement et exploitation d’une base de donnée historique intégrée au moyen de graphes | Ontwikkeling en werking van een geïntegreerde historische database met behulp van grafen. Talk given on 14 November 2023 at the Study day « Recidivism and criminal careers: the digital heritage of criminal justice at the service of justice professionals », in Brussels, Belgium. Organization: NICC-INCC & Belgian Judicial Training Institute.

6. Documentation of the Central Criminal Records (CJCS) and the Detention Information System database (SIDIS-Greffe/Griffie)

Mine, B. & Maes, E. (2023). Documentation du CJCS et SIDIS-Greffe | Documentatie van CJCS en SIDIS-Griffie. Talk given on 14 November 2023 at the Study day « Recidivism and criminal careers: the digital heritage of criminal justice at the service of justice professionals », in Brussels, Belgium. Organization: NICC-INCC & Belgian Judicial Training Institute.

5. Recidivism monitor

Huynen, P. (2022). Moniteur de la récidive. Talk given on 20 October 2022 at the second follow-up committee meeting of the IIHA project, in Brussels, Belgium. Organization: NICC-INCC.

4. The development of an Integrated Historical Database to study Criminal Careers and Recidivism

Jeuniaux, P., Mine, B., Maes, E., & Robert, L. (2022). The development of an Integrated Historical Database to study Criminal Careers and Recidivism. Talk given on 20 October 2022 at the second follow-up committee meeting of the IIHA project, in Brussels, Belgium. Organization: NICC-INCC.

3. Constructing a graph-based Integrated Historical Database (IHD) to study Recidivism and Criminal Careers

Jeuniaux, P., Mine, B., Maes, E., Robert, L. & Geudens, T. (2022). Constructing a graph-based Integrated Historical Database (IHD) to study Recidivism and Criminal Careers. Talk given on 23 September 2022 at the 22nd Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in Málaga, Spain. Organization: Universidad de Málaga.

2. Recidivism among those convicted of terrorism: A survival time analysis based on the Belgian Central Criminal Registry

Sharief, S. (Juni 2022). Recidive bij veroordeelden voor terrorisme: Een overlevingsduuranalyse gebaseerd op het Belgisch Centraal Strafregister, NVC, Leiden.

1. IIHA project kickoff meeting presentation

Jeuniaux, P., Mine, B., Robert, L., & Maes, E. (7 September 2021). It is happening again (IIHA). Digital criminal justice archives as building blocks for the study of recidivism. Organization: NICC-INCC. Brussels.

Contacts